Dr Christina Liew of SMILEFOCUS reveals how to overcome oral side effects you may experience when taking medication.

Medications help us – they combat infections and make us feel better by masking or dulling pain. But the use of certain medications – whether they are prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, minerals or herbs – can cause harmful side effects to your oral health. As more drugs become easily available, the list of potential side effects increase in tandem. 
          So it’s important to keep your dentist in the loop as and when your medical history changes, providing them with a list of all the medications you’re currently taking. Here are some common oral side effects from medication and ways to combat any discomfort:

Dry mouth Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is the most common side effect. Saliva helps wash food particles off the teeth, keeps the mouth relatively clean and assists with digestion. Some medications decrease saliva flow, increasing the risk of tooth decay. Drink plenty of water or chew sugar-free candy or gum to help encourage the flow of saliva and alleviate any discomfort.
Soft-tissue responses Oral contraceptives, prescription drugs for blood pressure and certain chemotherapy agents can cause mouth ulcers and inflammation or discoloration of the soft tissue in the mouth. An oral hygiene programme recommended by your dentist should help to limit discomfort.
Abnormal bleeding A common side effect from aspirin usage or other anticoagulants helpful in preventing stroke and heart disease is reduced blood clotting and bleeding problems following tooth extraction or periodontal surgery can occur. Always seek your doctor’s advice before adjusting your dosage.
Swollen gum tissue Excessive tissue overgrowth is associated with taking immunosuppressants – commonly used by organ transplant patients, in anti-seizure drugs and as a calcium channel blocker for heart patients. Thorough oral hygiene is mandatory to control the over-growth of the gums and in some rare instances surgery may be necessary.
Other conditions Teeth discoloration occurs if you’ve been exposed to tetracycline medication during tooth development. Such medicines are commonly used to treat bacterial infections – including pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections – as well as acne and skin infections. A variety of dental treatments are now available to improve the appearance of stained teeth. 
          Use prescription and over-the-counter medicine only as directed and visit your dentist if you notice any changes in your mouth. Don’t hesitate to talk to your dentist about any oral discomfort you might be feeling and do alert them to your current medications. Their expertise and guidance can help you maintain or recreate your smile in the healthiest way.
 

Dr Christina Liew BDS (Melbourne)
Originally from Australia Dr Christina Liew relocated to Singapore in 2000. Her interest lies in cosmetic work and minor oral surgery such as wisdom teeth extraction, plus general dentistry in both adults and children.